![]() In the most common case, you set the variables and use them within the YAML file. If you are defining a variable in a template, use a template expression. In that case, you should use a macro expression. For example, if you have conditional logic that relies on a variable having a specific value or no value. ![]() The exception to this is if you have a pipeline where it will cause a problem for your empty variable to print out. Use macro syntax if you are providing input for a task.Ĭhoose a runtime expression if you are working with conditions and expressions. Where does it expand in a pipeline definition? For example, key: $ is valid but key: $ foo is not. The runtime expression must take up the entire right side of a key-value pair. Values appear on the right side of a pipeline definition. Runtime expression variables are only expanded when they are used for a value, not as a keyword. ![]() Runtime expressions are designed to be used in the conditions of jobs, to support conditional execution of jobs, or whole stages. Runtime expression variables silently coalesce to empty strings when a replacement value isn't found. You can use runtime expression syntax for variables that are expanded at runtime ( $). In a pipeline, template expression variables ( $. Each syntax can be used for a different purpose and has some limitations. Understand variable syntaxĪzure Pipelines supports three different ways to reference variables: macro, template expression, and runtime expression. Any variable that begins with one of these strings (regardless of capitalization) will not be available to your tasks and scripts. These are: endpoint, input, secret, path, and securefile. Don't use variable prefixes that are reserved by the system. User-defined and environment variables can consist of letters, numbers. There are variable naming restrictions for environment variables (example: you can't use secret at the start of a variable name). For example, the variable name any.variable becomes the variable name $ANY_VARIABLE. When variables are turned into environment variables, variable names become uppercase, and periods turn into underscores. System and user-defined variables also get injected as environment variables for your platform. On Windows, the format is %NAME% for batch and $env:NAME in PowerShell. On UNIX systems (macOS and Linux), environment variables have the format $NAME. The format corresponds to how environment variables get formatted for your specific scripting platform. They are injected into a pipeline in platform-specific ways. Environment variablesĮnvironment variables are specific to the operating system you are using. As a pipeline author or end user, you change the value of a system variable before the pipeline is run. System variables are set with their current value when you run the pipeline. If you are using classic release pipelines, see release variables. If you are using YAML or classic build pipelines, see predefined variables for a comprehensive list of system variables. In addition to user-defined variables, Azure Pipelines has system variables with predefined values. You can use templates to define variables that are used in multiple pipelines in one file. You can use a variable group to make variables available across multiple pipelines. There are naming restrictions for variables (example: you can't use secret at the start of a variable name). User-defined variables can be set as read-only. When you set a variable in the UI, that variable can be encrypted and set as secret. You can also specify variables outside of a YAML pipeline in the UI. In YAML pipelines, you can set variables at the root, stage, and job level. When you define a variable, you can use different syntaxes (macro, template expression, or runtime) and what syntax you use will determine where in the pipeline your variable will render. Variables are different from runtime parameters, which are typed and available during template parsing. You can use variables with expressions to conditionally assign values and further customize pipelines. A variable set in the pipeline root level will override a variable set in the Pipeline settings UI. A variable defined at the stage level will override a variable set at the pipeline root level. So, a variable defined at the job level can override a variable set at the stage level. When you define the same variable in multiple places with the same name, the most locally scoped variable wins. The value of a variable can change from run to run or job to job of your pipeline. All variables are stored as strings and are mutable. ![]() The most common use of variables is to define a value that you can then use in your pipeline. Variables give you a convenient way to get key bits of data into various parts of the pipeline. Service connections are called service endpoints, In Microsoft Team Foundation Server (TFS) 2018 and previous versions,īuild and release pipelines are called definitions, ![]()
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